痤瘡有四大原因: 1.與皮脂腺分泌旺盛有關(guān),皮膚油油的人更容易長(zhǎng)痤瘡; 2.與毛囊角化過度相關(guān),這種患者主要表現(xiàn)為粉刺較多; 3.與痤瘡丙酸桿菌的感染相關(guān),這種情況主要表現(xiàn)為紅腫并且疼痛的痘痘; 4.激素分泌異常,也就是我們常說的內(nèi)分泌失調(diào),這種主要表現(xiàn)在女性患者身上,主要是相對(duì)的雄性激素分泌旺盛,體毛過盛,經(jīng)期也會(huì)有延遲。
BiologicComboTherapySometimesNeededforPsoriasis牛皮癬有時(shí)需要生物聯(lián)合治療ByDavidDouglasDecember23,2014DavidDouglas,2014年12月23日NEWYORK(ReutersHealth)-Biologicagentsalonemaynotworkinallpatientswithpsoriasisandacombinationapproachmaybeneeded,accordingtorecommendationsfromtheMedicalBoardoftheNationalPsoriasisFoundation.紐約(路透社健康部)根據(jù)國(guó)際牛皮癬基金會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)董事會(huì)的推薦,在所有牛皮癬病人中單獨(dú)使用生物制劑可能沒有效果,可能需要聯(lián)合使用。"Whilebiologicmedicationsareeffectiveinmostpsoriasispatients,somepatientslackacompleteresponsetobiologicsaloneandrequireadditionalmedicationstocontrolpsoriasis.Whenbiologictreatmentiscombinedwithothertreatments,thecombinationtherapymayworkbetterthanbiologictreatmentsalonefordifficult-to-treatpsoriasis,"Dr.AprilW.ArmstrongtoldReutersHealthbyemail.Dr.AprilW.Armstrong通過電子郵件告訴路透社健康部“然而生物藥物在大多數(shù)牛皮癬病人中有效,有一些病人缺乏對(duì)生物制劑的全響應(yīng)并且需要另服藥物來控制牛皮癬。對(duì)于難治性牛皮癬當(dāng)生物治療同其他療法聯(lián)合應(yīng)用時(shí),這種聯(lián)合治療可能效果優(yōu)于單純使用生物制劑治療”ForaDecember12thonlinepaperinJAMADermatology,Dr.ArmstrongoftheUniversityofColoradoDenver,Auroraandcolleaguessearchedtheliteraturefordataontheefficacyandsafetyofcombinationtherapies.美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志皮膚部門在12月份的第12個(gè)在線調(diào)查,位于美國(guó)科羅拉多州丹佛大學(xué)的Dr.Armstrong,Aurora和同事調(diào)查了聯(lián)合治療的功效和安全性數(shù)據(jù)的相關(guān)著作。Theyalsoasked15membersoftheMedicalBoardoftheNationalPsoriasisFoundationtoprovidetheirpreferenceforcombinationtherapyinahypotheticalpatientwhohadfailedbiologicmonotherapy.他們也詢問了15個(gè)國(guó)際牛皮癬基金會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)董事會(huì)的成員,并且在這些病人有失敗的生物單一療法的情況下,會(huì)為他們提供優(yōu)先的聯(lián)合治療權(quán)利。Intheliteratureoverall,theresearchersnote,thereisashortageofdataoncombiningbiologicswithacitretin,cyclosporine,orasecondbiologic.調(diào)查者記錄道,在全部的這些著作中,缺乏生物制劑聯(lián)合阿維A,環(huán)孢霉素,或者第二個(gè)生物制劑的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。However,combiningbiologicssuchasetanerceptoradalimumabwithphototherapywaslikelytoresultingreaterreductionindiseaseseveritythaneitheralone.然而,聯(lián)合生物制劑,比如伊納西普或者阿達(dá)木單抗聯(lián)合光線療法很可能比單一應(yīng)用更大程度的緩解病情。Also,etanerceptandmethotrexateincombinationweremoreeffectivethanmonotherapywitheithermedication.Thiswasalsothecaseforinfliximabandmethotrexate.·同樣,伊納西普和甲氨蝶呤片在聯(lián)合治療的效果比單一使用雙方任何一種藥更好。這個(gè)結(jié)論同樣適用于英夫利昔和甲氨蝶呤。Otherapproachesincludeusingacitretinalongwithetanercepttoreducethedosagebuttomaintainefficiency.Long-termtherapywithhighdosesofcyclosporineisnotrecommendedbecauseoftheadverseeffectsontherenovascularsystem.However,short-termcyclosporinewithetanerceptoradalimumabhasbeenusedtocontrolpsoriasisflares.其他途徑包括用阿維A連同伊納西普一起來減少使用劑量,但是能維持效果。不推薦長(zhǎng)期的高劑量使用環(huán)孢霉素治療,因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)腎血管系統(tǒng)有副作用。然而,短期的環(huán)孢霉素聯(lián)合伊納西普或者阿達(dá)木單抗治療已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用于控制突然加重的牛皮癬的治療中。Accordingtoexpertopinion,thepreferredorderforaddingtobiologicmonotherapyismethotrexatefirst,acitretinnext,followedbyphototherapy.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)家的觀點(diǎn),使用生物的單一療法的優(yōu)先性排序是甲氨蝶呤排第一位,阿維A次之,緊隨其后的是光線療法。Summingup,DrArmstrongsaid,"Toincreasetreatmentefficacy,clinicianscancombinebiologicswithphototherapyororalmedicationssuchasmethotrexate,acitretin,cyclosporine."總結(jié),Dr.Armstrong說:“為了增加治療效果,臨床醫(yī)生能夠聯(lián)合生物制劑同光線療法或口服藥物比如甲氨蝶呤,阿維A,環(huán)孢霉素”"Carefulpatientselectionandregularmonitoringarenecessarytoensuretreatmenteffectivenessandpatientsafetywhenusingcombinationtherapy,"sheadded.“當(dāng)應(yīng)用聯(lián)合療法時(shí),需要細(xì)心的選擇病人和規(guī)律的檢查以保證治療的效果和病人的安全”SOURCE:http://bit.ly/1zqt33s資源網(wǎng)址:http://bit.ly/1zqt33sJAMADermatol2014.美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志皮膚科2014年
潤(rùn)膚膏降低易患濕疹新生兒的濕疹發(fā)生率PamHarrison2014年12月12日Forinfantsathighriskforatopicdermatitis,thedailyapplicationofacommonmoisturizerleadstofewerskinproblems,includingeczema,by32weeksofage,anewstudyindicates.一項(xiàng)關(guān)于32周齡嬰兒的最新研究指出,對(duì)于易患特應(yīng)性皮炎者來說,每日使用普通潤(rùn)膚膏能使皮膚問題日漸減少,包括濕疹,Skin"consistsofaconstructivebarrier,achemicalbarrier,andanimmunologicalbarrier;weusedmoisturizertoenhancetheconstructivebarrier,"saidKumikoMorita,MD,fromtheNationalCenterforChildHealthandDevelopmentinTokyo.來自東京國(guó)際兒童健康發(fā)展中心的KumikoMorita說,皮膚“含有一個(gè)屏障系統(tǒng),一個(gè)化學(xué)屏障,也是一個(gè)免疫屏障,我們用潤(rùn)膚膏來強(qiáng)化這種屏障系統(tǒng),”"Wefoundthatthecumulativeincidenceofatopicdermatitisandeczemaat32weekswaslowerininfantsintheinterventiongroupthaninthecontrolgroup,"shetoldMedscapeMedicalNews.她告訴我們“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在觀察的32周齡新生兒身上,特應(yīng)性皮炎和濕疹的累積發(fā)生率治療組低于對(duì)照組?!盨hepresentedthestudyresultsattheWorldAllergyOrganizationInternationalScientificConferenceandCongressoftheBrazilianAssociationofAllergyandImmunologyinRiodeJaneiro.TheywerealsorecentlypublishedintheJournalofAllergyandClinicalImmunology.她在參加里約熱內(nèi)盧召開的世界變態(tài)反應(yīng)組織國(guó)際科學(xué)會(huì)議和巴西變態(tài)反應(yīng)和免疫反應(yīng)會(huì)議上公布了這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果。這個(gè)結(jié)果最近也刊登在變態(tài)反應(yīng)和臨床免疫學(xué)雜志上。The118infantsinthestudyhadaparentorsiblingwithatopicdermatitis,sowereconsideredtobeathighriskforthedevelopmentofatopicdermatitisoreczema.Halftheinfantswererandomizedtoreceivedailymoisturizer;theotherhalfreceivednothing.實(shí)驗(yàn)中的這118個(gè)嬰兒父母中的一個(gè)或者兄弟姐妹中的一個(gè)患有特應(yīng)性皮炎,所以被認(rèn)為是特應(yīng)性皮炎和濕疹的高危人群。一半的嬰兒隨機(jī)分配接受潤(rùn)膚膏治療,另一半則不接受任何治療。Theproductusedinthestudywasanemulsion-typemoisturizerfromShiseidothatispopularinJapanandcanbereadilypurchasedindrugstores.實(shí)驗(yàn)中用的產(chǎn)品是資生堂公司生產(chǎn)的乳液狀的潤(rùn)膚膏,資生堂在日本很受歡迎并且能夠很容易在藥店買到。Allinfantswereexaminedbythesameblindeddermatologistduringscheduledvisitsandat4,12,24,and32weeksoflife.所有的嬰兒均被同一個(gè)皮膚科醫(yī)生在雙盲的情況下,分別在實(shí)驗(yàn)的第4、12、24和32周齡時(shí)接受檢查。Theconditionwasdeterminedtobeatopicdermatitisifeczematoussymptomslastedmorethan4weeks,andwasdeterminedtobeeczemaifsymptomslastedmorethan2weeks,inaccordancewithmodifiedHanifinandRajkacriteria.疾病診斷與修改的HR原則相一致,如果濕疹癥狀持續(xù)4周以上被認(rèn)為是特應(yīng)性皮炎,并且如果癥狀持續(xù)2周以上被認(rèn)為是濕疹,。LessDermatitis,Eczema少量的皮炎,濕疹Duringthefirst32weeksoflife,fewerchildreninthemoisturizergroupthaninthecontrolgroupdevelopedatopicdermatitisoreczema(19vs28;P=.012).在生命最開始的32周內(nèi),治療組的孩子比對(duì)照組較少發(fā)生特應(yīng)性皮炎或者濕疹(19::28;P=0.12)。"Thesefindingssupportourhypothesisthatthedailyapplicationofamoisturizerpreventsthedevelopmentofatopicdermatitisoreczemaduringthefirst32weeksoflife,"saidDr.Morita.Dr.Morita說“這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)支持我們關(guān)于在生命最初32周每日使用潤(rùn)膚膏避免發(fā)展成特應(yīng)性皮炎或濕疹的假設(shè)”Serumlevelsofallergen-specificIgE—determinedwithahigh-sensitivityallergenmicroarrayofdiamond-likecarbon-coatedchips—wereusedtoevaluatetheinfantsforthepresenceofallergicsensitization.血清水平的過敏原特異性IgE抗體----取決于高敏感的鉆石樣過敏性微陣列碳涂層芯片----被應(yīng)用來評(píng)估嬰兒所存在的過敏性反應(yīng)。LevelsofIgEantibodyagainsteggwhitewereusedtodeterminetherateofallergicsensitizationintheinfants,whichwassimilarinthemoisturizerandcontrolgroups.用IgE抗體水平的對(duì)抗蛋白來決定嬰兒的過敏反應(yīng)幾率,這個(gè)結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組幾乎一樣。However,inaposthocanalysis,therateofallergicsensitizationwassignificantlyhigherininfantswithskinlesions,includingthosecausedbyatopicdermatitisoreczema,thanininfantswithoutlesions(oddsratio,2.86).然而,在一個(gè)快速進(jìn)行的權(quán)威分析中,在嬰兒的過敏反應(yīng)中,發(fā)生皮膚損害者的過敏發(fā)生幾率明顯高于未發(fā)生皮膚損害的嬰兒,包括那些因特應(yīng)性皮炎或者濕疹引起的損害。(優(yōu)勢(shì)率:2.86)。InastudypublishedinthesameissueoftheJournalofAllergyandClinicalImmunology(2014;134:818-823),researchersreportthatthedailyuseofamoisturizerfrombirthenhancedtheskinbarrierandhelpedpreventatopicdermatitis.在過敏與臨床免疫雜志上發(fā)表的一篇同樣主題的研究中(2014;134;818-823),研究者報(bào)道從出生開始每日使用潤(rùn)膚膏,能加強(qiáng)皮膚的屏障功能并且能抑制特應(yīng)性皮炎的發(fā)生。Intherandomizedcontrolledtrial,124neonatesathighriskforatopicdermatitiswereassessed.在隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)中,評(píng)估了124個(gè)特應(yīng)性皮炎高危新生兒。Parentsintheinterventiongroupwereinstructedtostartapplyingmoisturizerallovertheirinfant'sbodyonadailybasisinthefirst3weeksafterbirth.Parentsinthecontrolgroupwereaskednottouseamoisturizer.在出生的三周內(nèi),實(shí)驗(yàn)組要求父母在他們嬰兒的身上每天全身使用潤(rùn)膚膏。而對(duì)照組則要求不能使用潤(rùn)膚膏。At6months,therewasarelativeriskreductionof50%inthecumulativeincidenceofatopicdermatitisinthemoisturizergroup,comparedwiththecontrolgroup(P=.017).Therewasnodifferenceinadverseeventsbetweenthetwogroups.在六個(gè)時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比較在潤(rùn)膚膏組有一個(gè)相對(duì)應(yīng)的累計(jì)的特應(yīng)性皮炎發(fā)生率的危險(xiǎn)性下降50%,(P=0.17)Theresearchersconcludethatapplyingamoisturizerfrombirthis"afeasible,safe,andeffectiveapproach"forthepreventionofatopicdermatitis.Ifthebenefitisconfirmedinlargertrials,thissimplelow-costinterventioncouldreducetheglobalburdenofallergicdisease.這項(xiàng)研究總結(jié)出從出生開始應(yīng)用潤(rùn)膚膏對(duì)于預(yù)防特應(yīng)性皮炎的發(fā)生是“一個(gè)可行的、安全并且有效的途徑”。如果這項(xiàng)成果能夠在大樣本實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到證實(shí),這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的低成本的干預(yù)治療能夠減少全球的過敏性疾病的負(fù)擔(dān)。Therewasnocommercialfundingforthisstudy.Dr.Moritahasdisclosednorelevantfinancialrelationships.CoauthorKentaHorimukai,MD,fromtheNationalCenterforChildHealthandDevelopment,reportsreceivingresearchsupportfromtheMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfareinJapan.這項(xiàng)研究沒有商業(yè)性的基金。Morita博士已經(jīng)公開沒有相關(guān)的財(cái)政關(guān)系。合作者KentaHorimukai,醫(yī)務(wù)部,來自國(guó)際兒童健康和發(fā)展中心,報(bào)告說研究受到來自日本的健康、勞動(dòng)和福利部門的贊助。WorldAllergyOrganizationInternationalScientificConference(WISC)andCongressoftheBrazilianAssociationofAllergyandImmunology:Abstract1035.PresentedDecember7,2014.世界過敏組織國(guó)際科學(xué)會(huì)議和巴西過敏和免疫反應(yīng)聯(lián)盟大會(huì)。摘要1035.2014年12月7日呈遞。
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